Common Stocks Uncommon Profits

Growth

  • Does the company have growth potential for the next several years
    • Prioritize quality of growth over several years as opposed to year-year comparisons
  • Is management determined to continue development of products and processes to increase total sales when the growth potential has been exhausted?
    • Managers can recognize when existing opportunities have reached their potential and new developments need to be explored
    • Companies are better placed to succeed in new industries that are related to existing businesses than in new unrelated industries
  • Does the company take a long-term view on profits?
  • Will future company growth require new equity financing such that benefits to shareholders are offset by the dilution (from the growth) in their claim?
    • The company relies on current profits rather than contributions from shareholders
      • If a company relies on contributions from shareholders then the attractiveness of the investment depends on the dilution of the company
      • The expected growth in earnings needs to be large enough to justify the cost of dilution (p/e)

Profit Margins

  • Does the company have an attractive profit margin
    • The exception is companies willing to sacrifice current profits to accelerate their growth over the next few years
      • It is thus critical that funds go to further research - different from companies that need to reinvest their profits in projects just to stay afloat
  • What is the company undertaking to protect or grow profit margins?
    • Avoid industries whose profit margins increase just as a results of price increases
  • Are there characteristics unique to the business and/or industry that provide useful clues on the position of the company relative to its competitors?

Research, sales, and accounting

  • Is the company's research and development efforts effective relative to its size?
    • Leaders must coordinate people of diverse skills and backgrounds: link production, research, sales, and management
  • Do they have an above average sales team?
    • Company success is based on the efficiency of the research production and sales teams
  • Does the company have good cost analysis and accounting controls?

Managerial relations and depth

  • Does the company have outstanding labor and personnel relations?
    • Effective working conditions and leadership make for improved productivity
    • Compare the turnover rate and size of waiting list for job applications against competitors
    • Companies with above-average profits and above-average wages
    • Management should seek to resolve grievances and disputes quickly and fairly
    • Red flags :: mass hirings and firings based on outlook
  • Depth in management
    • succession plan for key leaders
    • Managers should welcome suggestions from across the organization as well as criticism

Honesty and integrity

  • Is management candid with shareholders during good and bad news?
  • Does the company have management of unquestionable integrity?